Gloire de Ducher - Rose-bush Perpetua Hybrid

 
Gloire de Ducher - Rose-bush Perpetua Hybrid
Creator: Ducher, France 1865
Flowers: 10 c
Height: 2 metres

This is an admirable rose-bush. Its large flowers, with about 17 to 25 petals, peony shaped, have a remarkable color, a combination of red and light purple, with a lighter shade on the back of its petals that when blossom, gains an ordinate display in heart button. The bush itself, has an invigorating arched portage, thus is supported by one or two tent pegs most of the time.

Claude Ducher (1820-1874) a remarkable rose breeder opened his first nursery at Lá Guillotiere block, in the French city of Lyon, back in the year of 1845.

Old Garden Roses

1 - Gallica Roses
2 - Damask Roses
3 - Alba Roses
4 - Centifolia Roses
5 - Moss Roses
6 - China Roses
7 - Portland Roses
8 - Bourbon Roses
9 - Noisette Roses
10 - Tea Roses
11 - Hybrid Perpetual Roses
12 - Rugosa Roses
13 - Hybrid Musk Roses
14 - Wichurana Roses
15 - Hybrid Multiflora Roses
16 - Boursault Roses
17 - Sempervirens Roses
18 - Ayrshire Roses
19 - Scottish Roses

20 - Banksian Roses
21 - Rosa Laevigata and Hybrids
22 - Rosa Bracteata (The “Macartney Rose”)
23 - Bermuda Roses (Mistery Roses)
24 - R. Gigantea and Hybrids

39 - Wild Roses

Old Garden Roses
 
1 - Gallica Roses
These roses are said to have originated in the South of France, but the actual history of the Gallicas was lost over time. They are said to be the first roses to be cultivated in gardens. One of the most popular types of Gallica Roses is the “Versicolor”, also known as the “Rosa Mundi”, and was exclusively analysed by the botanist Clausius in 1583.
In the 19th century the Empress Josephine had a collection of about a hundred and sixty Gallicas in her garden, the Malmaison Garden. These roses usually bloom once a year, in summer, and the colour of the flowers varies between pink, white and dark red.

2 - Damask Roses
Some of the varieties of this species date back to the 16th century, but they have existed for a long time in the Middle East, and were constantly mentioned by travellers. This species is difficult to categorise because the roses are very similar to the Gallica Roses, but are less erect and have stout bushes.
They have an exceptional fragrance, but these roses were never really popular. Damask Roses are usually very healthy and vigorous, but for this, they need fertile soil and constant care to flourish.

3 - Alba Roses
 Alba Roses belong to the Old Roses, a group which includes some of the most beautiful and hardy roses. This species was already known to the Romans, and were later grown in the Middle Ages in Europe for medical purposes. Specialists suggest that Alba Roses are derived from a natural hybridisation between the Damask Rose and the Canine Rose.

4 - Centifolia Roses
In the past, this species was considered the ‘rose with a hundred petals’, it was also known as the ‘Old Cabbage Rose’ or the ‘Provence Rose’. They were much featured in the paintings of Dutch masters, which portrayed them as common species in 17th century gardens. Their flowers are usually big, lush and very fragrant, which makes them the perfect example of ancient garden roses.

5 - Moss Roses
 It is believed that Moss Roses existed in France, Italy and Holland in the 18th century. All the varieties derive from the “R. centifolia muscosa”, and can be characterised as such, for they have moss-like glands on the petals, stems and calyx. These roses have a very unique fragrance. Although this species was popular in the 19th century, today only collectors cultivate and propagate them.

6 - China Roses
 Repeat-blooming is no doubt the most prominent characteristic of Modern Roses, and it was inherited from the “China ananicante” which was cultivated in China for more than a thousand years.
China Roses were introduced in the western world in the end of the 18th century. The first specimen was planted in Holland in 1781 and was called the ‘Old Blush’.

7 - Portland Roses
The origins of Portland Roses are still a mystery today. According to some writers, it is believed that round about 1800 the Duchess of Portland received a “R. paestana” as a gift from Italy, and from this time hence Portland Roses developed. These roses were very popular for a short period. Soon, however, Bourbon Roses and later Hybrid Perpetual Roses overtook Portland Roses in popularity.

8 - Bourbon Roses
Scholars suggest this species originated in Isle Bourbon, now called Reunion. It is said to derive from the cross-breeding of the “R. chinensis” and the “R. damascena”, and it is believed that it was taken to France in 1819 and later to England in 1822. Bourbon Roses were very popular in Victorian times due to their beautiful flowers, quality foliage and repeat-blooming.

9 - Noisette Roses
This species originates in America in the beginning of the 19th century, when the French emigrant, Philipe Noisette, cross-bred the “R. chinensis” and the “R. moschata”. Later he exported the species to France in 1817. This race of repeat-flowering roses are considered excellent climbers.

10 - Tea Roses
The Tea Roses were the result of crossing two of the original China Roses “Hume’s Blush China” and “Parkes Yellow Tea Scented China” with various Bourbon and Noisette Roses. The first Tea Rose was introduced in 1835 and most appropriately named “Adam”, having been bred by an english nurseryman of that name.

11 - Hybrid Perpetual Roses
These roses were especially popular in the beginning of the 19th century and are said to be the result of cross-breeding of various species: Hybrid China Roses, Portland Roses and Bourbon Roses. They are easy to cultivate, and some are very fragrant, but they are too tall to be used in flowerbeds.

12 - Rugosa Roses
This species originated in Japan and was introduced in Europe at the end of the 18th century, where an interesting combination of hybrid species originated. Rugosa Roses adapt very easily to poor soil and atmospheric conditions and are disease resistant. Landscape architects usually portray this species as growing in places where no other type of roses would ever grow or as garden hedges.

13 - Hybrid Musk Roses 
Most of the roses in this group were bred by the Reverend Joseph Pemberton between 1913 and 1926.
This species has little to do with the official categorisation of the International Federation of the Rose Society, and is thus placed under the group of ‘repeat-blooming bush roses’.
Today these roses are still very popular, resistant and versatile, which makes them easily adaptable to any type of garden.

14 - Wichurana Roses
 This group is part of the biggest and most important species of Climbing Roses. Wichurana Roses originated in Japan, Eastern China, Korea and Taiwan. They are hardy and disease resistant. The flowers vary in shape and colour, and most species are fragrant. Most Wichurana can grow to considerable heights.

15 - Hybrid Multiflora Roses
 The R. Multiflora originated in Korea and Japan. This species was bred in Great Britain at the end of the Victorian age. It was as popular as the Wichuranas in the first quarter of the 20th century. These roses are Climbers and have small flowers which bloom in clusters in the first four weeks of summer. Most of them are hardy and disease resistant. Even though they were popular, they became less common when the Remontant Climbers came into fashion. However, they still occupy an important place in gardens today.

16 - Boursault Roses
 This small and often forgotten species of roses became popular in the 19th century. Where some specialists say that they are derived from the “R. pendolina” (Alpine Rose) and the “R. chinensis” (China Roses), others like David Austin, deny this possibility, which makes it impossible to specify its origin. Although their origin is unknown, nobody can deny that they possess special characteristics, and it is fortunate that they have survived until today.

17 - Sempervirens Roses
R. Sempervirens is known as the “Evergreen Rose”, and it originated in Mid Europe and North Africa. In the beginning of the 19th century, Jacque, a French gardener for the Duke of Orleans (and later King Louis-Phillipe), hybridised the R. Sempervirens, thus creating a small group of roses, which he called Hybrid Sempervirens. This species remains unaltered until today. It is interesting to note that not many Rambler Roses, which have been introduced lately, can match the elegance of the “Sempervirens” flowers that bloom in clusters. Unfortunately they only bloom in summer.

18 - Ayrshire Roses
This species is descended from the Arvensis Roses.
It is a very resistant Climber, therefore it grows easily in the shade of big trees.

19 - Scottish Roses
 Scottish Roses are a hybrid form of the “R. pimpinellifollia”. They make excellent bushes and their small flowers are exceptionally beautiful. They grow easily, even in poor soil.

20 - Banksian Roses
 This small group of Climbing Roses originated in Western China. They bloom any
time from the end of May to the beginning of June, usually before other Climbing Roses.
In good light and temperature they can grow to considerable heights (20 to 25 feet).

21 - Rosa Laevigata and Hybrids
 A native of China, it has adapted itself to the wild in south-eastern North-America, where it has become known as the “Cherokee Rose” Growth 20 ft. Introduced 1759.

22 - Rosa Bracteata (The “Macartney Rose”) 
It is a native of Eastern China, collected by Sir George Staunton, and brought to England by Lord Macartney in 1793. The flowers are large, up to 4 ins. Across, pure white, with a silky texture and a large boss of orange-red stamens. Unusually among species it continues to flower until autumn. It is one of the parents of the beautiful “Mermaid” (Paul, 1918).

23 - Bermuda Roses (Mistery Roses)
 The mistery roses in Bermuda are those whose original name or provenance is unknown, but wich have grown in Bermuda for many years.
Most of these roses have been given the name of the area where they found, or sometimes the name of the owner of the garden. The mystery roses, wich are all old garden roses, have now been included in the Bench Competitions of the Bermuda Rose Society and at the annual Agricultural Exhibition.

24 - R. Gigantea and Hybrids 
This species is very important both historially and genetically. It was this rose, above all, wich was responsable for the transition of old Roses to what we now call Modern Roses.

39 - Wild Roses
Wild Roses spring up spontaneously in many regions of the world. They usually bloom once a year and have different characteristics in the same species. There are over a hundred known species and these are said to grow boundlessly in nature. Some have been cross-bred with the garden roses we cultivate today.

Mandonii

The Madeira Archipelago is located on the Atlantic Ocean, on the SE of mainland Portugal.
The Madeira Island, is the largest among the group of 4 Islands (two of which are uninhabitated - “ Desertas” and Selvagens) and has a total area of 737 square kilometers.
This volcanic Island, rises up to its hightest point, at Pico Ruivo, 1862 meters high and Pico do Areeiro, at 1810m.
It has an unique and peculiar landscape with deep valleys, high cliffs, narrow ravines and green mountains.
The climate is mild, but influenced by trade winds from N and NE, and by its orography.
The air temperature is fairly constant thronghout the year with an average temperature of 18º C, dropping aproximatly 1ºC every 150 meter. On the South coast, the annual rainfall is 400 – 1000 mm, while on the North coast it can reach between 1000 and 2000 mm. The relative atmospheric humidity can reach between 75 and 90%.
The fog normally appears between 400 and 1200 meters high, where the amount of precipitation is higher, giving the Laurissilva Forest the perfect conditions to grow an develop.

Laurissilva Forest 

In 1999, UNESCO declared the Madeira Indigenous Forest, as ” World Nature Heritage” giving the Island another reason of pride.
The trees and shrubs, with persistent, flat leaves and numerous epiphutes and climbs, grow in high rainfall and relative humidity (normally abone 85%).
It occupies an area of approximately 15.000 hectares and is considered a relic of the Tertiary Period, for it´s species which existed in the primitive flora of Southern Europe and North Africa, and became extinct due to climatic alterations (glaciations in Europe and the beginning of desertification in the Sahara).

Flora and vegetation 

The vascular flora (pteridophytes and spermatophytes) of Madeira Island and Selvagens, is exuberant and diverse, comprising 1226 species (Press & Short, 1994), including indigenous and naturalized plants, where 123 (10%) are endemic to this arquipelago, meaning they grow exclusively in this Island, not occurring spontaneously in any other part of the World.

Rose Mandonni
It is included on the list of vascular plants endemic to Madeira.
A rare plant which inhabitats in ravines of the Laurissilva and in others higher altitudes between 600 and 1600 m.
Perennial, deciduous, creeping shrub. Numerous, arcuate branches, reaching 4 m or more in length, without princkles or with some slightly arcuate prickles, up to 7 mm. Compound leaves, with 5-7 elliptic to orbicular, serrate and glabrous leaflets, 6.5-37 x 5-23 mm. Small prickles and glands on glabrous main petioles and veins. Flowers borne in groups of 3, forming terminal corymbs of 9-12 flowers. White petals, 1.3-3.3 x 1.2-2.5 cm. Slightly ovoid to subspherical fruits, 1.3-2.5 x 0.8-1.8 cm, maturing to red.

Blossoming period: Abril, May, June, July and August

Introduction

Roses have existed on earth for millions of years and have been cultivated for at least three thousand years.
One of the largest collections of roses in Europe can be found in Quinta do Arco’s Rose Garden.
This collection displays over one thousand five hundred and fifty different species and varieties of roses, Old and Modern. A total of seventeen thousand rose bushes have been cultivated in this Rose Garden.
Many of these roses are rare and some of them nearly extinguished some years ago.
It is our intention that Quinta do Arco’s Rose Garden continues to stand out as a centre of preservation and divulging of an unic vegetal collection, aiming to cultivate nearly every known rose species.
This live patrimony has unquestionable public interest and constitutes a valuable, cientific and cultural contribute to Madeira Island and our country, Portugal.
We are very proud with the presentation of this first catalog. It is the result of several years of exhaustive work, of study, selection and identification of all the different species of roses which can be appreciated in our garden. The most important and rare are identified by name, variety, date and producer.

Modern Garden Roses

	Alec’s Red Creator:  Cocker, 1970 Type: Hybrid Teas
	Glad Tidings Creator:  Tantau, 1988 Type: Floribunda
	Lady Rachel Creator:  Cocker, 1990 Type: Floribunda
	Boy’ Brigade Creator:  Cocker, 1983 Type: Floribunda
	Jenny’s Rose Creator:  Cants, 1996 Type: Floribunda
	Mary Rose Creator:  David Austin, 1983 Type: English Rose
	Korrresia Creator: Kordes , 1975 Type: Floribunda
	Chateau de Chenoncerux Creator: Gaujard , 1973 Type: Hybrid Teas
	Tatton Creator: Fryer, 2000 Type: Floribunda
	Flamingo Creator: Kordes, 1979 Type: Hibrid Teas
	Shocking Bleu Creator: Kordes, 1985 Type: Floribunda
	Velvet Fragrance Creator: Fryer, 1988 Type: Hibrid Teas
	Eye Paint Creator: Darragh McGredy, 1975 Type: Floribunda
	Double Delight Creator: Herbt C. Swim, 1977 Type: Hibrid Teas
	Nicole Creator: Kordes, 1985 Type: Floribunda
	Lili Marlene Creator: Kordes, 1959 Type: Floribunda
	Bob Greaves Creator: Gareth Freyer, 1988 Type: Floribunda
	Friesia Creator: Kordes, 1973 Type: Floribunda
	Sorbet Framboise Creator: G. Delbard, 1994 Type: Floribunda
	Samba Creator: Kordes, 1964 Type: Floribunda
	Mikado Creator:  Seizo Suzuki,  1987 Type: Hybrid tea
	Prestige de Bellegarde Creator:  André Eve, 1974 Type: Floribunda
	Valentine Heart Creator: Colin Dickson, 1990 Type: Floribunda
	Regensburg Creator:  Technogranny, 2004 Type: Floribunda
	Nancy Steen Creator:  G.C. Sherwood, 1976 Type: Floribunda, modern Shrub
	Parador Creator:  Francesco Paolino, 1978, França Type: Hybrid tea
	Sterntaler Creator:  W. Kordes  Sohnne, 2004 Type: Hybrid tea
	Violina Creator: Tantau, 1997 Type: Hybrid tea
	Whisky Mac Creator: Tantau, 1968 Type: Hybrid tea
	Marina Creator:  Kordes, 1974 Type: Floribunda
	Fortuna Creator:  Kordes, 2002 Type: Floribunda
	Rosamunde Creator:  Mathias Leenders , 1941 Type: Floribunda
	Bad Worishöfen Creator:  W. Kordes & Sons, 2005 Type: Floribunda
	Lady Rose Creator: Reimer Kordes, 1972 Type: Hybrid tea
	Blue River Creator:  Kordes, 1984 Type: Hybrid tea
	Parole Creator:  W. Kordes & Sons Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Ripples Creator:  Legrice, 1971 Type:  Floribunda
	Charlotte Rampling Creator:  Meilland, 1988 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Dynastie Creator:  Meilland, 1990 Type:  Shrub
	La Sevillana Creator:  Meilland, 1978 Type:  Shrub
	Laure Charton Creator:  Jean-Pierre Guillot, 1987 Type:  Floribunda
	Rose Gaujard Creator:  Jean-Marie Gaujard ,1957 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Burgund Creator:  Kordes , 1977 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	OKlaoma Creator:  Swim & Weeks, 1964 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Chantal Mérieux Creator:  Dominique Massad, 1999 Type:  Shrub
	Coluche Creator:  Meilland, 2002 Type:  Floribunda
	Honoré de Balzac Creator: Meilland, 2002 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Louis de Funés Creator:  Meilland, 1987 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	La Venissiane Creator:  Dominique Massad, 2000 Type:  Floribunda
	Firecracker Creator: Boerner, 1956 Type:  Floribunda
	Masquerade Creator:  Boerner, 1949 Type:  Floribunda
	Bobby Charlton Creator:  Gareth Fryer, 1974 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Margaret  Merril Creator:  Harkness, 1977 Type:  Floribunda
	John Willan Creator:  Fryer, 2006 Type:  Floribunda
	Kings Macc Creator:  Fryer, 2002 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Golden Memories Creator:  Kordes, 2002 Type:  Floribunda
	Brillant Pink Iceberg Creator:  Weatherly, 1995 Type:  Floribunda
	L’ Aimant Creator:  Harkness, 1994 Type:  Floribunda
	Bride   Creator: Fryer, 1995  Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Annick Creator:  Fryer, 2002 Type:  Floribunda
	Angel Creator:  Thelma G. DeVor , 1982 Type:  Shrub
	Regensburg Creator:   L. Pernille Olesen Type:  Floribunda
	Escapade Creator: Harkness, 1967 Type: Floribunda
	Ametista Creator: Vittorio Barni, 1985 Type: Hibrid Teas
	Gipsy Creator:  Seizo Suzuki, 1986   Type: Floribunda
	National Trust Creator:  Samuel Darragh McGredy, 1970 Type: Hybrid Tea
	Serenissima Creator: Yoshiho Takatori, 1980 Type: Hybrid Tea
	Pink ParfaiT Creator: Herbert C. Swin, 1960 Type: Floribunda
	Botticelli Creator: Michèle Meilland Richardier, 2003 Type: Floribunda
	Monna Lisa Creator: Reimer Kordes, 1977 Type: Hybrid Tea
	Paul Richard Creator: Alain Meilland, 1993 Type: Hybrid Tea
	Amber Queen Creator: Harkness, 1983 Type: Floribunda
	English Kiss Creator: Cants of Colchester, 1977 Type: Floribunda
	L. D. Braithwaite Creator:  David Austin, 1988 Type:  Shrub
	Winchester  Cathedral Creator:  David Austin, 1988 Type: Shrub
	Savoy Hotel Creator:  Harkness, 1987 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Heritage Creator:  David Austin, 1984 Type:  Shrub
	Grace de Monaco Creator: Meilland, 1956 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Rhapsody in Blue Creator: Frank R. Cowlishaw, 1999 Type:  Shrub
	Bernadette Lafont Creator: Bernard Sauvageot, 2004 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Burgundy Ice Creator:  Weatherly Type:  Floribunda
	Hot Chocolate Creator:  Carruth Type:  Floribunda
	Alexander Creator:  Harkness, 1972 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Ingrid Bergman Creator: Olesen, 1984 Type:  Hybrid Tea
	Freedom Creator:  Patrick Dickson, 1984 Type: Hybrid Tea
	Especially  for You Creator:  Fryer, 1996 Type: Hybrid Tea
	Rosita Missoni Creator: Eurico Barni, 1998 Type: Hybrid Tea